Mirrors are then arranged in a configuration external to the qc device to create the optical cavity. Placed inside a diffraction grating based external cavity arrangement, they can easily provide 100 cm 1 frequency range with a spectral resolution limited by the laser linewidth. Ppblevel detection of nitric oxide using an external cavity. External cavityquantum cascade laser infrared spectroscopy. External cavity quantum cascade laser tunable from 7. Newbury1 1 national institute of standards and technology, optoelectronics division, 325 broadway, boulder, co, 80305,usa. Fast wavelength tuning in the external cavity is realized by a microoptoelectromechanical systems moems grating oscillating at a resonance frequency of about 1 khz with a deflection amplitude of up to 10 deg. Quantum cascade laser qcl are an excellent tool for mirspectroscopy. In this work, we present an external cavity quantum cascade laser ecqcl based machzehnder interferometer setup to determine dispersion spectra of liquid samples. As much as 525 cm 1 of pulsed and 121 cm 1 of cw, mode hopfree tuning has been obtained. External cavity quantum cascade laser with scanning moems grating the miniaturized quantum cascade lasers ecqcl developed at fraunhofer iaf and ipms cover a wide wavelength range and a broad spectral tuning range at a high scan rate. Quantum cascade laser, optical feedback, nonlinear dynamics, chaos 1. Here we report the demonstration of active mode locking of an externalcavity quantum cascade laser. Progress in rapidlytunable external cavity quantum cascade.
Tunable external cavity quantum cascade laser for the simultaneous determination of glucose and lactate in aqueous phase markus brandstetter, andreas genner, kresimir anic and bernhard lendl received 16th july 2010, accepted 11th october 2010 doi. Motorized littman metcalf motorized tunable quantum cascade external cavity laser, 4. Employing a latest generation external cavityquantum cascade laser ecqcl at room temperature in pulsed operation mode allowed implementing a high optical path length of 31. Johnson space center, houston, texas the externalcavity quantum cascade laser ecqcl system is based on an. A broadband pulsed externalcavity quantum cascade laser. Progress in rapidlytunable external cavity quantum. Quantum cascade laser tuning by digital micromirror array. Invited article external cavity terahertz quantum cascade laser sources based on intracavity frequency mixing with 1. An externalcavity ec quantum cascade qc laser using optical feedback from a partialreflector is reported. Raschke3 1environmental molecular sciences laboratory, pacific northwest national laboratory, 902 battelle boulevard, richland, wa 99354, usa.
Active mode locking of quantum cascade lasers in an. We have built a number of external cavity quantum cascade lasers ecqcl that maximize tuning range from the quantum cascade chip. Infrared nearfield spectroscopy of trace explosives using an. External cavityquantum cascade laser ecqcl spectroscopy. Department of energy under contract deac0576rl01830. External cavity quantum cascade laser article pdf available in semiconductor science and technology 253525.
One, or both, of the waveguide facets has an antireflection coating that defeats the optical cavity action of the cleaved facets. A tunable externalcavity quantum cascade laser ecqcl operated in pulsed mode at room temperature allowed one to apply a path length of up to 38. External cavityquantum cascade laser infrared spectroscopy for secondary structure analysis of proteins at low concentrations. Quantum cascade lasers qcl thus coated function well at 810 k coupled to a tunable, external cavity optical system at 158 cm1. The performance of widely tuneable, continuous wave cw externalcavity quantum cascade laser ec. The recent demonstration of external cavity quantum cascade lasers with optical feedback, controlled by an acoustooptic modulator, paves the way to.
The recent demonstration of external cavity quantum cascade lasers with optical feedback, controlled by an acoustooptic modulator, paves the way to ruggedized infrared laser systems with the capability of tuning the emission wavelength on a microsecond scale. Characterization of highexplosive detonations using. Active mode locking of quantum cascade lasers in an external. Recent citations external cavity tuning of coherent quantum cascade laser array emitting at 7. Infrared nearfield spectroscopy of trace explosives using. Microoptoelectromechanical systemsbased external cavity. Therefore they open completely new ways for infrared spectroscopy. Midinfrared photoacoustic spectroscopy of solids using an. Fast wavelength scanning of an externalcavity quantum cascade laser ecqcl has been developed using a modified littrowtype cavity configuration. Singlemode, narrowlinewidth external cavity quantum.
In this work, we report midir transmission measurements of the protein amide i band in aqueous solution at large optical paths. External cavity quantum cascade laser emitting from 12. Influence of ethanol on breath acetone measurements using. Regular selfpulsations in external cavity mid ir quantum. Abstractwe show theoretically and experimentally that a quantum cascade laser qcl in an external fabryperot cavity. By application of a data processing routine, which removes. Singlemode, narrowlinewidth external cavity quantum cascade. A heterogeneous quantumcascade structure based on two boundtocontinuum designs emitting at 9. External cavity quantum cascade laserbased midinfrared. As much as 525 cm 1 of pulsed and 121 cm 1 of cw, mode hop. The micromechanically manufactured diffraction grating developed at fraunhofer.
As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. We report on midir spectroscopic measurements performed with rapidly tunable external cavity quantum cascade lasers ecqcls. The quantum cascade lasers developed at fraunhofer iaf cover a wavelength range from 4 11 m and offer a broad spectral tuning range. Scan rates up to 5 khz and tuning ranges up to 7 cm. Pdf external cavity quantumcascade laser tunable from 8. Recent results from broadly tunable external cavity quantum.
Gratingcoupled external cavity quantum cascade lasers were studied for temperatures from 80 to 230 k. The laser operates in the modelocked regime at room temperature and over the full dynamic. Roomtemperature continuouswave operation of a tunable. Here we report the demonstration of active mode locking of an external cavity quantum cascade laser. Sep 16, 2016 external cavity quantum cascade laser infrared spectroscopy for secondary structure analysis of proteins at low concentrations. Finally, a portion of the absorption spectrum of ammonia vapor was recorded by. Characterization of a swept external cavity quantum cascade laser. Quantum cascade external cavity and dfb laser systems in. A broadband pulsed externalcavity quantum cascade laser operating near. Tunable external cavity quantum cascade laser sacher laser.
A quantum cascade laser qcl tuning mechanism based on an external laser cavity containing a micro electromechanical system mems spatial light modulator in the form of a twodimensional digital micromirror array dma is described. External cavity quantum cascade laser with scanning. Alternatively, the use of an external cavityquantum cascade laser ecqcl light source with significantly higher emission intensities enables to increase the optical path length to 38. Externalcavity quantum cascade laser spectroscopy for mid. We present two approaches for acquisition of refractive index spectra and compare the qualitative experimental results. The laser was mounted vertically on a copper block due to polarization, in front of which a lens in a 3dpositioning system was installed. Here we report the first demonstration of active mode locking of an externalcavity quantum cascade laser. A broadly tunable sweptwavelength external cavity quantum cascade laser operating in the midwave infrared mwir spectral region is used to measure transmission through explosive fireballs generated from 14 g charges of 4 different explosive types. Here we report the first demonstration of active mode locking of an external cavity quantum cascade laser. The laser is tuned by modulating the reflectivity of dma micromirror pixels under computer control.
Gain competition between the clockwise and anticlockwise ring cavity modes results in a transition from bidirectional to. This work proposes the use of external cavityquantum cascade laser ecqcl spectroscopy for the simultaneous quantification of the most abundant bovine milk proteins and the total protein content based on the chemical information contained in midinfrared ir spectral features of the amide i band. External cavity quantum cascade lasers ecqcls provide a versatile infrared laser source for spectroscopy of molecules. As much as 525 cm1 of pulsed and 121 cm1 of cw, mode hopfree tuning has been obtained.
For this purpose, a new type of antireflection coating was designed as well as a new way of measuring its performance. Index termsquantum cascade laser, external cavity, selfpulsations, laser stability, ultrafast nonlinear optics, qcl comb i. Broadly tunable external cavity quantum cascade laser development. Infrared nearfield spectroscopy of trace explosives using an external cavity quantum cascade laser ian m. The externalcavity quantumcascade laser ecqcl has become an important radiation source in several types of midir 4004000 cm. External cavity terahertz quantum cascade laser sources based on intracavity frequency mixing with 1. Johnson space center, houston, texas the external cavity quantum cascade laser ecqcl system is based on an.
Broadly tunable external cavity quantum cascade laser. Tunable external cavity quantum cascade laser for the. Infrared laser absorption spectroscopy provides a powerful tool for probing physical and chemical properties of highexplosive detonations. Gain competition between the clockwise and anticlockwise ringcavity modes results in a transition from bidirectional to directional emission as current is increased. Geometrical parameters of microresonator for a quartz enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy sensor are optimized to perform sensitive and backgroundfree spectroscopic measurements using midir quantum cascade laser qcl excitation sources. Tittela, and gerard wysockib,1 arice quantum institute, rice university, 6100 main street, houston, tx 77005. Pdf midinfrared externalcavity quantumcascade laser. Pdf external cavity quantum cascade laser researchgate. We describe a longwavelength external ccavity quantum cascade laser, emitting from 12.
Pdf tunable terahertz quantum cascade lasers with an. Introduction periodic pulse production regimes such as selfqswitching, selfpulsations or passive modelocking pml in interband. Deterministic temporal chaos from a midinfrared external. External cavity tuning of coherent quantum cascade laser array emitting at 7. In an external cavity ec quantum cascade laser, the quantum cascade device serves as the laser gain medium. Active mode locking of quantum cascade lasers operating in. Jun 28, 2018 we describe a longwavelength external ccavity quantum cascade laser, emitting from 12. Midinfrared externalcavity quantumcascade laser request pdf. External cavity quantum cascade lasers white rose etheses.
An external cavity quantum cascade laser ecqcl was applied in the photoacoustic detection of solid samples. The analytical determination of bovine milk proteins is important in food and nonfood industrial applications and yet, rather labourintensive wetch. Raschke3 1environmental molecular sciences laboratory, pacific northwest national laboratory, 902 battelle boulevard, richland, wa 99354. External cavity terahertz quantum cascade laser sources. A heterogeneous quantum cascade structure based on two boundtocontinuum designs emitting at 9. Recent results from broadly tunable external cavity. An external ringcavity quantum cascade laser qcl is demonstrated.
Quantum cascade lasers are the most powerful and versatile compact light sources in the midinfrared range, yet achieving their modelocked operation remains a challenge, despite dedicated effort. Antireflection coating for externalcavity quantum cascade. Quantum cascade lasers are the most powerful and versatile compact light sources in the midinfrared range, yet achieving their mode locked operation remains a challenge despite dedicated effort. Externalcavity quantum cascade laser spectroscopy for midir. We report on the design and realization of we report on the design and realization of pulsed and cwqcl in external cavity ec and dfb configurations for the application of no measurements.
Gain competition between the clockwise and anticlockwise ring cavity modes results in a transition from bidirectional to directional emission as current is increased. This is a folded cavity arrangement in which the folding mirror was mounted onto a fast piezoelectric tilt stage 4 mrad tilt range at 1 khz speeds from piezosystem jena. Yag laser simultaneous dualwavelength operation at 946 nm and 1. Recent work in our laboratory has demonstrated rapid sweptwavelength tuning for broadband spectroscopy and sensing in both point and standoff measurements. Leonov, jetcooled infrared spectra of molecules and complexes with a cw modehopfree externalcavity qcl and a distributedfeedback qcl, appl. External cavity quantum cascade laser with scanning moems grating. A schematic view of the external cavity quantum cascade laser ecqcl showing the arrangement of the laser components including grating, mirror, and step motors. Pdf external cavity quantum cascade laser tunable from 7.
Continuous wave room temperature external ring cavity quantum cascade laser. Finally, a portion of the absorption spectrum of ammonia vapor was recorded by tuning. Cavity quantum cascade lasers ecqcl that maximize tuning range from the quantum cascade chip. Apr 10, 20 an external ring cavity quantum cascade laser qcl is demonstrated. Such an optimized configuration is applied to nitric oxide no detection at 1900. Quantum cascade external cavity and dfb laser systems in the. The ecqcl setup used to demonstrate the active wavelength control method was described in ref and schematically shown in fig. Various mechanisms for the broadening of the gain of the qc chip are considered. With this configuration, the otherwise multimode emission of a fabryperot qc laser was made singlemode with optical output powers exceeding 40 mw. Active wavelength control of an external cavity quantum. Its spontaneous emission spectrum at room temperature has a full width at half maximum of 350cm1 and shows a variation of. Recent advances and applications of external cavityqcls towards. Lendl, external cavityquantum cascade laser ec qcl spectroscopy for protein analysis in bovine milk, analytica chimica acta 2017, doi. External cavity terahertz quantum cascade laser sources based.
A broadband pulsed externalcavity quantum cascade laser operating near 6. The high spectral power density of the ecqcl was combined with an extremely sensitive optical cantilever microphone of the photoacoustic detector to achieve an ultimate sensitivity. This is a pdf file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. Frequency characterization of a swept and fixedwavelength. A tunable external cavity quantum cascade laser ecqcl operated in pulsed mode at room temperature allowed one to apply a path length of up to 38. Ppblevel detection of nitric oxide using an external. A continuous wave external cavity quantum cascade laser ecqcl operating between 1872 and 1958 cm. In this work, we present a setup for midir measurements of the protein amide i and amide ii bands in aqueous solution. Stability of widely tuneable, continuous wave externalcavity.
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